Create shortcuts using command lines in this format-
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\root\office15\outlook.exe" /select outlook:calendar
in some cases you can use just outlook or outlook.exe - i think the new shortcut command needs the full path. If it opens a new window, try adding the /recycle switch.
outlook /select "outlook:Inbox"
More information:
http://www.slipstick.com/outlook/2013/command-lines-for-outlook-2013/
If outlook is in focus, use the buttons at the bottom of the navigation pane or click the folder names in the folder bar under the navigation pane. Ctrl+n shortcuts also switch modules - 1,2,3,4,5,7,8