This has just started happening to me; if I add a recurrence, all calendar items disappear from view (the recurring item). I sync it with my google calendar and they'll eventually show up there, but they just don't show up in Outlook, no matter what view I try. The same with recurring task items, too, for that matter.
This started at the same time, so maybe it's relevant: When I try to create a new appointment, it seems to have a default start-stop range of a couple of months (but not exactly two months). When I try to fix it, it jumps around. Creating a new appointment has become such a pain, and I can't figure out what's going on.